Scaks, F.M., Bray, G.A., Carey, V. J., Smith, S.R., Ryan D.H., Anton, S.D., McManus, K. Champagne, C.M, Bishop, L.M., Laranjo, N,. Leboff, M.S, Rood, J.C., deJonge, L., Greenway, F.L, Loria, C.M., Obarzanek, E, Williamson, D.A. Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol 360, 859-873.
The study randomly assigned 881 overweight adults to 4 different diets for a two year period. It did not compare popular diets but the diets contained healthy fats, high in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and cholesterol. Each study participant decreased 750 calories per day from baseline, exercised 90 minutes per week, maintained food diaries, met counselors and charted progress. There were no winners among the group. The average weight loss was 13 pounds at 6months. With a creep within 2 years with average weight loss of 9 pounds. All diets reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes at 6 months and 2 years.
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